« Chronologie des changements doctrinaux » : différence entre les versions
Autres actions
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==Voir aussi== | ==Voir aussi== | ||
; '''Articles généraux''' | |||
* [[Chronologie de la doctrine sur les transfusions sanguines]] | * [[Chronologie de la doctrine sur les transfusions sanguines]] | ||
* [[Croyances principales]] | * [[Croyances principales]] | ||
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* [[Développement des doctrines]] | * [[Développement des doctrines]] | ||
* [[Esclave fidèle et avisé]] | * [[Esclave fidèle et avisé]] | ||
; '''Exemples de doctrines changeantes''' | |||
* [[:Catégorie:Changements doctrinaux|Catégorie:Changements doctrinaux]] | |||
==Ressources sur le sujet== | ==Ressources sur le sujet== | ||
Version du 4 août 2011 à 19:29
Un petit nombre de doctrines élaborées par Russell ont perduré dans le temps — l'idée de Seconde Venue du Christ, la rançon, la résurrection... —, bien que la plupart d'entre elles aient subi diverses modifications plus ou moins importantes. C'est sous l'ère de Rutherford que les nombreux changements majeurs se produisirent: la chronologie établie par Russell fut entièrement remaniée, les interdits et les obligations se multiplièrent, à tel point que les Témoins de Jéhovah actuels ne ressemblent plus beaucoup aux Étudiants de la Bible de la fin du XIXè siècle. Cela amène certains sociologues à affirmer que Rutherford fut en réalité le vrai fondateur des Témoins de Jéhovah tant l'organisation actuelle porte l'empreinte de cette homme.
Les calculs prophétiques, qui foisonnaient dans l'enseignement de Russell, deviennent quasiment inexistants aujourd'hui, et l'enseignement est en train de devenir de moins en moins axé sur les prophéties pour se concentrer davantage sur les comportements. La simplification progressive de la doctrine laisse à penser que les membres actuels du Collège Central n'ont pas de bon théologiens en leur sein capables d'échafauder des enseignements complexes, comme ce fut le cas du vivant de Frederick Franz. Le contenu des publications s'en ressent: celles-ci deviennent de plus en plus générales; les explications permettant de justifier un enseignement sont souvent très sommaires, et beaucoup de "conclusions" sont présentées de façon péremptoires sans réelle justification.
La présente page propose une chronologie incomplète des changements doctrinaux de la Société Watch Tower, depuis sa création jusqu'à aujourd'hui.
Époque de Russell
| Année | Changement doctrinal |
|---|---|
| 1879 |
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| 1880 |
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| 1881 |
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| 1882 | |
| 1887 | |
| 1890 |
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| 1891 | |
| 1894 |
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| 1904 |
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| 1907 |
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| 1914 |
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| 1916 |
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Époque de Rutherford
| Année | Changement doctrinal |
|---|---|
| 1919 |
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| 1920 |
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| 1921 |
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| 1922 | |
| 1923 |
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| 1925 |
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| 1926 |
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| 1927 |
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| 1928 |
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| 1929 |
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| 1931 |
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| 1932 |
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| 1933 | |
| 1934 |
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| 1935 |
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| 1936 | |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 |
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| 1939 |
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| 1942 |
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Époque de Knorr
| Année | Changement doctrinal |
|---|---|
| 1943 | |
| 1944 |
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| 1945 |
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| 1951 |
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| 1952 | |
| 1953 |
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| 1954 | |
| 1955 |
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| 1961 |
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| 1962 |
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| 1963 | |
| 1967 |
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| 1968 |
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| 1973 |
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Époque Franz - maintenant
| Année | Changement doctrinal |
|---|---|
| 1980 |
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| 1983 | |
| 1988 | |
| 1990 |
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| 1995 |
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| 1996 |
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| 2007 | |
| 2008 |
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| 2010 |
|
Voir aussi
- Articles généraux
- Chronologie de la doctrine sur les transfusions sanguines
- Croyances principales
- Collège Central
- Dates prophétiques
- Développement des doctrines
- Esclave fidèle et avisé
- Exemples de doctrines changeantes
Ressources sur le sujet
- Barbour, N. H. (1877) (anglais), Three Worlds, and the Harvest of This World, N. H. Barbour, C. T. Russell, format pdf
- Crompton, Robert (1996) (anglais), Counting the Days to Armageddon, Cambridge: James Clarke & Co (ISBN 0227679393)
- Franz, Raymond (2002) (anglais), Crise de Conscience, Commentary Press (ISBN 0-914675-23-0)
- Franz, Raymond (2007) (anglais), A la Recherche de la Liberté Chrétienne, Commentary Press (ISBN 0-914675-17-6)
- Holden, Andrew (2002) (anglais), Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement, Routledge (ISBN 0-415-26610-6)
- Penton, M. James (1997, 2nd ed.) (anglais), Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses, University of Toronto Press (ISBN 0-8020-7973-3)
- Rogerson, Alan (1969) (anglais), Millions Now Living Will Never Die: A Study of Jehovah's Witnesses, Londres: Constable & Co (ISBN 09-455940-6)
- Russell, Charles T. (1886) (anglais), Le Divin Plan des Âges, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- Russell, Charles T. (1889) (anglais), Le temps est proche, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- Russell, Charles T. (1891) (anglais), Que ton Royaume vienne!, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- Rutherford, Joseph F. (1930) (anglais), Light, volume 1, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society (1993) (anglais), Les Témoins de Jéhovah - Prédicateurs du Royaume de Dieu, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- Wills, Tony (2006, 2è éd.) (anglais), Un Peuple pour son Nom, Lulu Enterprises (ISBN 978-1-4303-0100-4)
Références
- ↑ Franz, 2007, p. 492
- ↑ Russell, 1886, pp. 149–72
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1906) (anglais), "Haverst Gatherings and Siftings", Zion's Watch Tower, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 juillet 1906, p. 3821 (reprint)
- ↑ Annuaire des Témoins de Jéhovah, 1975, p. 36
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er février 1985, p. 10, article "Who Can Read the Sign Aright?"
- ↑ Rogerson, Alan (1969) (anglais), Millions Now Living Will Never Die: A Study of Jehovah's Witnesses, Londres: Constable & Co, pp. 17–23 (ISBN 09-455940-6)
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, pp. 67–77
- ↑ Russell, 1889, p. 53
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 20
- ↑ Russell, 1889, pp. 38,39
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, août 1879, R20, p. 3
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1877) (anglais), The Object and Manner of Our Lord's Return, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er juillet 1879, p. 7 (reprint)
- ↑ La Tour de Garde, 1er mai 1991, p. 17, § 10, "Parlez la langue pure et vivez éternellement!":
- "En 1879 (...) un petit groupe d’étude de la Bible dirigé par Charles Russell se réunissait à Pittsburgh, en Pennsylvanie (États-Unis). Les membres de ce groupe avaient acquis la conviction que la seconde venue de Jésus (...) instaurerait le Paradis sur la terre et conduirait les humains obéissants à la vie éternelle."
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, pp. 6,42
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, p. 42
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, p. 165
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, pp. 48,49
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), janvier 1880, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, R64, p. 2
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), avril 1881, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, R207, p. 7:
- "And why did they thus keep the people in ignorance? Because they feared that if people knew this, the only text which gives even a shadow of support to the doctrine of the TRINITY, to be an interpolation to support a papal error, they might renounce the error".
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), septembre 1881, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, R278, p. 132:
- "As to the motives and errors which may have led to these unwarranted interpolations of the [Bible] text, we may be able to offer a suggestion, viz., the last mentioned (1 John 5:7,8) was probably intended to give authority and sanction to the doctrine of the "Trinity."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), octobre 1881, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, R290, p. 4:
- ""He gave his only begotten Son." This phraseology brings us into conflict with an old Babylonian theory, viz.: Trinitarianism. If that doctrine is true, how could there be any Son to give? A begotten Son, too? Impossible. If these three are one, did God send himself? And how could Jesus say: "My Father is greater than I." John 14:28. [italique dans l'original]".
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, juillet 1882, R370, p. 3
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 343, note 64:
- "Barbour and Paton were trinitarians ... although Henry Grew and George Stetson, two others who had influenced him, were non-trinitarians, Russell did not take a stand on the matter, at least publicly, until after his split with Paton."
- ↑ Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1993, p. 120
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, p. 57:
- "I am beginning to think Age-to-come people, and many others among pre-millennialists, do not believe in anything of a spiritual nature, or have the most remote comprehension of things of that order; either that the saint is raised 'a spiritual body,' or in the existence of spiritual beings, or even of the Holy Spirit itself. I know one class of age-to-come believers, the Christadelphians, do not. The Holy Spirit, say they, is but a principle, or element of power, and not an intelligence. It is nothing more nor less than 'electricity;' is taught in one of their books, now before me. What wonder they discern only a fleshly future."
- ↑ Paton, John H. (1880) (anglais), Day Dawn, A.D. Jones, pp. 225,229:
- "The work of the Holy Spirit is one of the most important elements in the plan of revelation and salvation. He is always spoken of by the Saviour as a Person, and is called the "Spirit of truth." We will follow the Saviour's example in this, though we do not propose to deal with the philosophy of that fact. He being the Spirit of truth, it is His mission to make known the truth."
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower, July 1880, page 8:
- "But the Spirit cannot resign his work until it is complete."
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, août 1880, p. 4:
- "Then let the Spirit use his sword upon others as he may see fit to humble them, strip them of pride, and bring them to the rock that is higher than they."
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, novembre 1880, p. 8:
- "The Spirit is still our leader and instructor. He is now telling us of Him who comes by way of unseen presence that He is here present."
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, mars 1881, p. 5:
- "The number three is surprisingly prominent, as the subject opens before us ... We would first call attention to the Divine Three – Father, Son and Holy Spirit – often mentioned in the Bible."
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1906) (anglais), "Haverst Gatherings and Siftings", Zion's Watch Tower, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 juillet 1906, p. 3825 (reprint)
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, mai 1882, R356, p. 8
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, septembre 1882, R392, p. 4
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, mars 1880, article "The Three Great Covenants"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, septembre 1887, "The New Covenant vs the Law Covenant"
- ↑ 37,0 et 37,1 Wills, 2006, pp. 63–68
- ↑ Russell, 1891, pp. 38,47–59
- ↑ Russell, 1891, pp. 239–42
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1906) (anglais), "Haverst Gatherings and Siftings", Zion's Watch Tower, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 juillet 1906, p. 3823 (reprint)
- ↑ Russell, 1889, p. 78
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 septembre 1901, R2876, p. 292, article "The Outlook - War & Prosperity"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er juillet 1904, R3389, p. 197, article "Universal Anarchy"
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1904) (anglais), La Nouvelle Création, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 179:
- "We have every reason to believe that the definite, fixed number of the elect [chosen anointed ones] is that several times stated in Revelation (7:4; 14:1); namely, 144,000 redeemed from amongst men."
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 octobre 1904, article "The Great Company"
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1904) (anglais), La Nouvelle Création, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, pp. 168-70
- ↑ Wills, 2006, pp. 57,58
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), 15 octobre 1904, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, articles "The Rank of the Ancient Worthies", "The Great Company"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er janvier 1907, "Our Advocate, the World's Mediator"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, janvier 1909, article "The Word Mediator Used Differently"
- ↑ Scénario du Photo-Drama de la Création, ©1914 International Bible Students Association, p. 3
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er janvier 1914, R5373, p. 3, article "Views from the Watch Tower"
- ↑ Russell, 1889, p. 101
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 15 janvier 1892, R1357, p. 27, article "Overcome With Wine"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er février 1916, R5845, p. 38, article "What Smiting of the Waters May Mean"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1er septembre 1916, R5951, p. 265, article "The Burning of the Tares"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er octobre 1913, pp. 291-95
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er avril 1916, pp. 98,99
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 décembre 1919, p. 375
- ↑ Russell, 1889, p. 233
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juillet 1920, p. 196
- ↑ Russell Charles T. (1897) (anglais), La Bataille d'Armageddon, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 568
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juillet 1920, pp. 199,200, article "Gospel of the Kingdom"
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), 15 janvier 1892, R1354, p. 19, article "View from the Tower"
- ↑ Nouveaux cieux et nouvelle terre (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1953, p. 225
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1922, pp. 332-37
- ↑ 67,0 et 67,1 Penton, 1997, p. 72
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er octobre 1971, p. 14, article "The Keys of the Kingdom and the Great Crowd"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde, 15 octobre 1923, pp. 307-14, article "The Parable of the sheep and goats"
- ↑ Wills, 2006, p. 113
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 octobre 1923
- ↑ Wills, 2006, pp. 141,142
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er janvier 1925
- ↑ Rutherford, 1930, pp. 134,223,251
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), 1er août 1892, p. 238
- ↑ Le Mystère accompli (angl.), 1917, pp. 256-58. Voir les commentaires sur Apocalypse 16:16-20
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1925, p. 69
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1889) (anglais), La Bataille d'Armageddon, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 541
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1954, p. 150, article "Restoration of True Religion"
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1926) (anglais), Délivrance, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, pp. 268,269
- ↑ Russell, 1891, p. 306
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juin 1927
- ↑ Rutherford, 1930, p. 226
- ↑ Russell, 1891, p. 23
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1927) (anglais), Création, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, chapitre 12, p. 314
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1897) (anglais), La Bataille d'Armageddon, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 613
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), 15 juillet 1906, p. 215
- ↑ Franz, 2002, pp. 78,79
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1923, pp. 68,71, cité par Franz, Crise de Conscience, 2007, p. 63
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er janvier 1927 et février, pp. 7, 51-57, cité par Penton, 1997.
- ↑ Russell, 1891, pp. 313–76
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 juin 1922, p. 187, cité par Franz, 2002, p. 225,226
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1928, pp. 339-45, 355-62, cité par Penton, 1997, p. 170
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower & Herald of Christ's Presence (angl.), 1er décembre 1904, p. 364, article "The Prince of Peace"
- ↑ L'Âge d'Or (angl.), 24 décembre 1919, p. 215:
- "Christmas is regarded by many people as the date of the birth of the babe Jesus in a manger at Bethlehem. Whether the date is correct or not is of small importance, but the event was and is of the greatest importance."
- ↑ Annuaire des Témoins de Jéhovah (angl.), 1975, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 146
- ↑ Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1993, p. 152
- ↑ 98,0 et 98,1 Franz, 2007, p. 484
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), juin 1929, pp. 163-69,179-85, article "The Higher Powers"
- ↑ 100,0 et 100,1 Penton 1997, p. 65
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er décembre 1929, pp. 355-57, cité par Gruss, Edmond C., The Four Presidents of the Watch Tower Society, p. 117; et Wills, 2006, p. 48
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 62
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1932) (anglais), Préservation, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, pp. 103-94
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er octobre 1932, p. 294
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1933) (anglais), Preparation, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 196
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1932) (anglais), Vindication, tome 2, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, pp. 258,269,295
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1932) (anglais), Vindication, tome 3, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 333
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 février 1925, p. 57:
- "We know the work of restitution must come to the Jews first, and through them to the rest of the world. As the Scriptures state that Jerusalem is to be the capital of the world and that the ancient worthies are to be princes in all the earth, we are warranted in expecting that the kingdom work will begin at Jerusalem."
- ↑ Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1993, p. 165
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 août 1934, cité par Wills, 2006, pp. 192,193
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1932) (anglais), Vindication, tome 3, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, pp. 84,85
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 janvier 1927, pp. 26,27, cité par Wills, 2006, p. 194:
- "He who is called to be a minister of God must be a new creature, begotten of God's holy spirit; none other can have a share. In this ministry only those who are new creatures in Jesus Christ are entitled to share."
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1929) (anglais), Prophétie, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1929, chapitre 4, p. 65
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er décembre 1933, p. 362:
- "In the year 1914 that due time of waiting came to an end. Christ Jesus received the authority of the kingdom and was sent forth by Jehovah to rule amidst his enemies. The year 1914, therefore, marks the second coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, the King of glory."
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 69
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1934) (anglais), Jéhovah, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1917, R6161, pp. 325–27
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1934) (anglais), Jéhovah, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 191
- ↑ Les Témoins de Jéhovah dans les desseins divins (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1959, p. 140
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1935
- ↑ L'Âge d'Or (angl.), 12 octobre 1921, p. 17:
- "Vaccination never prevented anything and never will, and is the most barbarous practice ... We are in the last days; and the devil is slowly losing his hold, making a strenuous effort meanwhile to do all the damage he can, and to his credit can such evils be placed ... Use your rights as American citizens to forever abolish the devilish practice of vaccinations."
- ↑ L'Âge d'Or (angl.), 5 janvier 1929, p. 502:
- "Thinking people would rather have smallpox than vaccination, because the latter sows seeds of syphilis, cancers, eczema, erysipelas, scrofula, consumption, even leprosy and many other loathsome affections. Hence the practice of vaccinations is a crime, an outrage, and a delusion."
- ↑ L'Âge d'Or (angl.), 2 avril 1935, p. 465:
- "As vaccination is a direct injection of animal matter in the blood stream, vaccination is a direct violation of the law of Jehovah God."
- ↑ Rutherford, Joseph F. (1936) (anglais), Richesses, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 27
- ↑ Franz, 2007, p. 150
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1937, p. 336, cité par Wills, 2006, p. 195
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1930, p. 71:
- "Since "Christ' means the anointed of God, it is manifestly true that no one can properly be termed a Christian who is not in Christ and who has not received the anointing."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 octobre 1938, p. 307; La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1938, p. 323; La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 novembre 1938, p. 346; références citées par Wills, 2006, pp. 186,187
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1939, cité par Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1993, p. 193
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juillet 1942, pp. 205,206
- ↑ Russell, 1889, p. 54
- ↑ Zion's Watch Tower (angl.), 15 mai 1896, R1980, p. 112
- ↑ Barbour, 1877, pp. 67,186, as cité par Gruss, Edmond C. (anglais), The Jehovah's Witnesses and Prophetic Speculation, pp. 62,63
- ↑ La Vérité qui vous rendra libres (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1943, chapitre 11, p. 151
- ↑ 135,0 et 135,1 Gruss, Edmond C. (1972), The Jehovah's Witnesses and Prophetic Speculation, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co, pp. 68,69 (ISBN 0-87552-306-4)
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 89
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 mai 1944
- ↑ Jones, Leslie W. (1917) (anglais), What Pastor Russell Said, pp. 479,480, cité par Penton, 1997, p. 31
- ↑ 139,0 et 139,1 La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er février 1955, pp. 94,95, article "Questions From Readers"
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 153
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juillet 1945
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 novembre 1892, p. 351
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 avril 1909, pp. 116,117:
- "These prohibitions had never come to the Gentiles, because they had never been under the Law Covenant; but so deeply rooted were the Jewish ideas on this subject that it was necessary to the peace of the Church that the Gentiles should observe this matter also ... these items thus superadded to the Law of Love should be observed by all spiritual Israelites as representing the Divine will."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er octobre 1951, article "Questions From Readers"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 décembre 1952
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 septembre 1958, article "Questions From Readers":
- "Q: Are we to consider the injection of serums such as diphtheria toxin antitoxin and blood fractions such as gamma globulin into the blood stream, for the purpose of building up resistance to disease by means of antibodies, the same as the drinking of blood or the taking of blood or blood plasma by means of transfusion? A: No, it does not seem necessary that we put the two in the same category, although we have done so in times past.
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er février 1955, p. 95, article "Questions From Readers"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde, 15 juillet 1898, p. 216, article "Interesting Queries"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 novembre 1939, p. 339:
- "Jehovah God commands all to worship Christ Jesus because Christ Jesus is the express image of his Father, Jehovah".
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 octobre 1945, p. 313:
- "Since Jehovah God now reigns as King by means of his capital organization Zion, then whosoever would worship Him must also worship and bow down to Jehovah's Chief One in that capital organization, namely, Christ Jesus."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er janvier 1954, p. 30, article "Questions From Readers"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 mai 1955, p. 296, article "Modern Restoration of True Worship (1919-1932)":
- "Jesus—then to expand on a global scale—so now in the spring of 1919 there was an outpouring of Jehovah's holy spirit organizationally upon the Christian remnant."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 janvier 1961, p. 63
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 novembre 1962
- ↑ Russell, Charles T. (1886) (anglais), Le Divin Plan des Âges, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, p. 266:
- "They taught the Church to obey the laws, and to respect those in authority because of their office, even if they were not personally worthy of esteem; to pay their appointed taxes, and, except where they conflicted with God's laws (Acts 4: 19; 5: 29), to offer no resistance to any established law. (Rom. 13: 1 - 7)".
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mars 1961, p. 146, article "The Congregation in the Time of the End"
- ↑ Toute Écriture est inspirée de Dieu (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1963, p. 286
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 juillet 1967, pp. 446,447, article "The Removal of Mankind's Chief Disturber"
- ↑ Réveillez-vous! (angl.), 8 juin 1968, p. 21:
- "Christian witnesses of Jehovah,... consider all transplants between humans as cannibalism."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 novembre 1967, pp. 702-04
- ↑ 161,0 et 161,1 Muramoto, Osamu (1998) (anglais), "Bioethics of the refusal of blood by Jehovah's Witnesses, part 1", Journal of Medical Ethics, août 1998, vol. 24, n° 4, pp. 223-30
- ↑ 162,0 et 162,1 Penton, 1997, pp. 165–71:
- "In 1967 the society suddenly decided that what had been permissible no longer was. Organ transplants suddenly became a form of human cannibalism ... Yet after many faithful Jehovah's Witnesses had suffered for their faith by giving up transplants which in some cases could have made their lives more pleasant and comfortable and by saving them from early death in others, the society again reversed itself."
- ↑ Réveillez-vous! (angl.), 8 juillet 1972, p. 28, article "Keep Abstaining from Blood":
- "The stand of the Christian witnesses of Jehovah—that such transplants are in effect a form of cannibalism—proved a safeguard. How so? In that it spared them much frustration, grief and anxiety, which were experienced not only by the patients and their relatives but even by many of the assisting medical personnel."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er février 1955, p. 95, article "Questions From Readers":
- "However, from our present chronology (which is admitted imperfect) at best the fall of the year 1976 would be the end of 6,000 years of human history for mankind... Obviously, whatever amount of Adam’s 930 years was lived before the beginning of that seventh-day rest of Jehovah, that unknown amount would have to be added to the 1976 date."
- ↑ Russell, 1889, pp. 127,128:
- "...long enough [for Adam] to realize his lack of a companion" and an additional "two years would not be an improbable estimate" to have passed between Adam's creation and Edenic expulsion (beginning the seventh creative day).
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 août 1968, pp. 499,500, article "Why Are You Looking Forward to 1975?"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juin 1973, p. 340
- ↑ La Tour de Garde, 15 juin 1980, p. 31, article "Questions des lecteurs"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde, 15 octobre 1983, pp. 24,25, article "'Cherchez la paix et poursuivez-la'"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er janvier 1987, p. 30, article "Questions from readers":
- "A study of the fulfillment of Bible prophecy and of our location in the stream of time strongly indicate that each of the creative days is 7,000 years long. It is understood that Christ's reign of a thousand years will bring to a close God's 7,000-year 'rest day', the last 'day' of the creative week. Based on this reasoning, the entire creative week would be 49,000 years long."
- ↑ Étude Perspicace des Écritures (angl.), volume 1, 1988, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1988, p. 545, article "Creation":
- "Since the seventh day has been continuing for thousands of years, it may reasonably be concluded that each of the six creative periods, or days, was at least thousands of years in length ... Ascribing not just 24 hours but a longer period of time, thousands of years, to each of the creative days better harmonizes with the evidence found in the earth itself."
- ↑ Toute Écriture est inspirée de Dieu et utile (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1990, p. 286
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er novembre 1995, p. 20
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er juin 1997, p. 28:
- "The recent information in The Watchtower about "this generation" did not change our understanding of what occurred in 1914. But it did give us a clearer grasp of Jesus' use of the term "generation," helping us to see that his usage was no basis for calculating-counting from 1914 – how close to the end we are."
- ↑ Woodward, Kenneth L. (18 décembre 1995) (anglais), "Apocalypse Later", The Daily Beast. Consulté le 31 juillet 2011
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 317
- ↑ Dart, John (4 novembre 1995) (anglais), "Jehovah's Witnesses Abandon Key Tenet", Los Angeles Times. Consulté le 31 juillet 2011
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er février 1995
- ↑ Penton, 1997, p. 316
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 mai 1995, p. 25, article "Part 2—Flashes of Light—Great and Small"
- ↑ Le Plus Grand Homme de tous les temps (angl.), Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1991, chapitre 24: "Pourquoi Jésus est venu sur Terre":
- "Jesus came to earth particularly to preach about God's Kingdom, which will vindicate his Father’s name"
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 février p.19
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 1er mai 2007, pp. 30,31:
- "It appears that we can not set a specific date for when the calling of Christians to the heavenly hope ends."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 février 2008, pp. 23,24:
- "On the other hand, Christ's faithful anointed brothers, the modern-day John class, have recognized this sign as if it were a flash of lightning and have understood its true meaning. As a class, these anointed ones make up the modern-day "generation" of contemporaries that will not pass away "until all these things occur." This suggests that some who are Christ's anointed brothers will still be alive on earth when the foretold great tribulation begins."
- ↑ La Tour de Garde (angl.), 15 avril 2010, p. 10, article "Holy spirit's role in the outworking of Jehovah's purposes"
- Cet article est partiellement traduit à partir de l'article anglais de Wikipédia "Development of Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine", en date du 31 juillet 2011